Antica sostenibilità

Un trullo, architettura antica e sostenibile per definizione che sfruttava le risorse a disposizione offendo un benessere invidiabile ai suoi residenti, viene ristrutturato e fatto rivivere

                   

 

 


Lo stato di fatto di questo progetto era costituito da un lato da un trullo ostunense in pietra a secco, in buono stato di conservazione, ma con alcune incongruità, mentre dall’altro lato l da un gruppo di 3 trulli e da una piccola lamia, il tutto realizzato come sempre in pietra a secco.

Secondo tradizione orale locale i tre trulli sono stati realizzati tra la fine del settecento (il più grande ed il più solido) e la fine dell’ottocento. Lo strato esterno in chianche delle coperture presentava importanti dissesti statici ed era in parte crollato su se stesso.

Il progetto ha previsto perciò la demolizioni degli annessi, il restauro filologico dei trulli ostunensi  e della lamia presenti, nonchè l’ampliamento dell’immobile secondo quanto previsto dalle norme del P.R.G. vigente del Comune di Ostuni.

I nuovi corpi di fabbrica hanno sfruttato le murature di confine esistenti e sono stati  progettati e realizzati in modo da dialogare ed integrarsi con l’esistente e con le tecniche costruttive della tradizione.

Murature di gande spessore (45-85 cm), realizzate in tufo, materiali isolanti e blocchi di cls alleggerito, solai isolati, impermeabilizzati e rivestiti in lastre di tufo, aperture limitate e disposte strategicamente, tutto ciò ha consentito di riprodurre all’interno dei nuovi ampliamenti il microclima tipico delle costruzioni lapidee locali (trulli, trulli ostunensi, lamie). La cucina-soggiorno è stata realizzata con una copertura a volta ribassata, in modo da riprendere la tipica struttura delle lamie.




Gli arredi sono stati tutti realizzati in muratura e pietra: i camino, i divani, gli armadi, la cucina, i tavoli interni ed esterni, le sedute esterne costituiscono parte integrante dell’edificio, finiti ad intonaco e con i piani della cucina e dei tavoli in travertino stuccato. Il grande tavolo della cucina “passa” all’esterno attraverso una finestra appositamente disegnata è si specchia in un analogo tavolo esterno.

Le pavimentazioni interne sono realizzate in cls del colore delle chianche locali, i rivestimenti dei bagni in cls rasato colore chiaro.

Gli spazi esterni sono stati progettati in continuità con gli spazi interni e costituiscono il naturale prolungamento degli stessi.  Le pavimentazioni esterne ed i muri a secco sono in pietra calcarea locale.



Il problema dell’ampliamento dei piccoli gruppi di trulli esistenti nelle campagne della valle D’Itria è assai difficile da affrontare. Il dialogo tra il nuovo ed il vecchio non può risolversi in un’impossibile mimesi ne in un ignorarsi a vicenda. Operativamente poi c’è il problema della presenza della “rizza”, che non può essere eliminata in quanto assolve alla funzione di contrafforte strutturale massivo rispetto alla spinta delle cupole ogivali.

La soluzione proposta in questo caso ha previsto la realizzazione di un nuovo corpo di fabbrica che “avvolge” la rizza stessa senza intaccarla e la realizzazione di un unico stretto corridoio di collegamento che la attraversa in corrispondenza di una grande nicchia presente nel trullo centrale di distribuzione.



I nuovi corpi di fabbrica sono stati  progettati e realizzati in modo da dialogare ed integrarsi con l’esistente e con le tecniche costruttive della tradizione, pur denunciando in maniera chiara la loro contemporaneità. Sono stati utilizzati gli stilemi della trazione locale rivisitati in chiave moderna: le murature esterne, di grande spessore, sono stombate (90 cm alla base, 50 cm in copertura). La nuova piccola camera da letto riproduce stilizzato un trullo ostunense, con copertura costituita mediante una cupola “a stella” che i manifesta anche in copertura.

Secondo tradizione e come in un grande meccano a secco le due cupole più grandi sono state smontate (“scuffolate”) da manodopera super specializzata (i cosiddetti trullari) e le pietre ed i materiali inerti sono stati depositati in loco secondo l’ordine preciso di smontaggio. Dopo aver sistemato alcune pietre delle murature perimetrali che erano in parte fuoriuscite in seguito ai dissesti, seguendo le indicazioni della dima è stato quindi man mano riposizionato il substrato inerte e le chianche a raggi concentrici sempre più stretti. Infine sono state riposizionate le tre parti in pietra che costituiscono la sommità dei trulli.

Tutte le pietre di scavo sono state riutilizzate per le sistemazioni esterne. Le acque di copertura, secondo tradizione, vengono recuperate all’interno di una nuova, ampia cisterna, realizzata al di sotto della veranda del lato sud. Tutti gli olivi esitenti sono stati preservati.


 

CREDITI

 

PROGETTO E DIREZIONE LAVORI:

Arch. Leonardo Tizi, Arch. Carmela Riccardi - Bologna

Geometra Luca Cavallo – Ostuni


COLLABORATORI:

Bcubo architetti - Arch. Ana Bigarella, Arch. Claudia Biondi, Arch. Lisa Bosi – Bologna


IMPRESA ESECUTRICE:

Picoco & Scarafile Snc – Cisternino


SUPERFICIE LORDA TRULLO A:

135 mq


SUPERFICIE CALPESTABILE TRULLO A:

85 mq


 SUPERFICIE LORDA TRULLO B:

158 mq


SUPERFICIE CALPESTABILE TRULLO B:

82 mq


Postato nella categoria: Architettura e sostenibilità.

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